ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECT AND LIVER TOXICITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL FRUIT ON JAPANESE QUAIL

ARMENIA, and ERMILDA, F and WIDYA, R.M and RUSDI, Dj and NETTY, M (2014) ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECT AND LIVER TOXICITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL FRUIT ON JAPANESE QUAIL. In: ASOMP XII, 13 - 18 November 2006, Padang Indonesia.

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Abstract

An anti-atherosclerotic effect and liver toxicity of an ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit on Japanese Quail has been evaluated. Atherosclerosis was induced by treated the Japanese quail with atherogenic cocktail (a mixture of 5% cholesterol, 30 % coconut oil, 0.1% propylthiourasil, 2% chicken bile juice and water until 100 ml),1ml/100g BW orally once a day everyday for two months. Fife groups of animal (5 quail each, ± 3 month, 80-100 grams of body weight) were used. Ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit was given orally to the animals once a day half an hour before cocktail, everyday for two months at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to three groups, while a group of negative control and a group of positive control were used as comparison. Cholesterol level, the thickness of the aorta and coronary arterial walls, percentage of the vascular lumen width, the endotelial and vascular smooth muscle cells damage, liver ratio and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity were measured. Results show that the cholesterol level of Japanese quail was tend to decrease (p<0.1) under the influence of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract. The thickness of aorta and coronary arterial walls and the percentage of their widths were significantly improved (p<0.05), the endotelial and vascular smooth muscle cells damage of coronary artery was significantly reduced (p<0.05) while of the aorta was not reduced significantly (p>0,1) as compared to those on positive control animals. On the other sides, the liver ratio and SGPT activity of treated animals were higher as compared to those in controls (p<0.05). These data indicated that the ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa’fruit is able to prevent aortic and coronary arterosclerosis induced by atherogenic cocktail, but is toxic to liver if it is used for a long time.

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