Sekedar Bertahan Hidup : studi tentang kehidupan sosial ekonomi nelayan di bungus padang sumatera barat 1998-2002

Lindayanti, Lindayanti (2010) Sekedar Bertahan Hidup : studi tentang kehidupan sosial ekonomi nelayan di bungus padang sumatera barat 1998-2002. Project Report. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Andalas. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Nowadays, many the ideas and critics appear on the paradigm of poverty in developing countries. The paradigm being criticized by the analysis is about the decreasing the poverty based on the interest of a certain groups of people (the principle of established). Its current sign is the groups that have the interest ignore many changes being yearned by the poor citizen (the principle of non-established). The poverfy of the fisherman community in Bungus-Teluk Kabung is not a new problem. Nevertheless, they remain to seek for to survive on the injustice policy that is not clear from the vested interest, for example the govemment aid for the advanced-engine ship. That aid gives much more advantages to the established capital owners and the government accepts tax from their business. The tax is not only paid by the established capital owners, but the lower-middle fishermen have to pay the tax too. When the officer of the tax office would take the tax from the established with a peaceful way, it is not seldom that they should face the weak with a harmful way. This treatment has been faced by one of local fisherman, Zakhiruddin. Is the government policy fair while the small fishermen who have been trying to get a more step is obliged to pay the tax? Ironically, many foreign ships escape frorm the obligation to obey the regulation and tax. The appearance of the big ships with "pukat harimau" and "pukat cincin" have caused the anxiety among the traditional local fishemren. The injustice in gaining the access to the natural source has been prevailing. The loss is inevitable. The structured poverty has existed on small traditional fishermen. As the small instance, there are about seven or ten bagans (the small traditional fishing boat) in "kelurahan" Teluk Kabung could not be active any more. Many the "anak bagan" (the crews or worker on the shipboard) becomes jobless. In fact, in 1980-1990's they had achieved the 'golden era'. This fact more and more strengthen the threory from several experts that the progress of development also means the decrease of the quality of public service, in other hand the increase of absolute and relative poverty. At last, most of the fishermen in Bungus Teluk Kabung merely serve to survive for the sake their life keeps go on. They run their strategy to survive in many ways such as long as they do not depends on any creditor board. The other way is working together with their relative in running this fishing business. Instead of that, they also try to involve their relative in non-fishing business, such as farming or as merchants. There is other fishermen, for example, who tries a rational strategy that he accepts a creditor board as long as it is well established and organized board. The member of fishermen relative also becomes the loan source. A more common strategy is that they try to get loan from an "induak samang" (a capital owner or a boss) and the owner of a shop. The advantage to involve the member of their relative is that the kinship relation becomes more strength beside that to make the business away from the stealing. But, in one case, the Zakhiruddin once had been cheated by his workers by the selling the fishes without his knowing. The reason was not as the resistance to him, but merely as the demand of their ultimate needs. When the income is lower, the reason to do the negative practices becomes more and more open.

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