Molecular Pharmaceutical Farming in Transgenic Plants

Syukur, Sumaryati (2010) Molecular Pharmaceutical Farming in Transgenic Plants. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi, 13 (2). ISSN 1410 – 0177

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Abstract

Plants are a tremendous source for the discovery of new products of medicinal value for drug development. Today several distinct chemicals derived from plants are important drugs currently used in one or more countries in the world. Many of the drugs sold today are simple synthetic modifications or copies of the naturally obtained substances. The evolving commercial importance of secondary metabolites has in recent years resulted in a great interest in secondary metabolism, particularly in the possibility of altering the production of bioactive plant metabolites by means of Plant Biotechnology or Green Gene technology and tissue or cells culture technology. Plant Biotechnology is possible tool for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites which is called Molecular farming. Different strategies, using Plant Molecular farming system, have been extensively studied to improve the production of plant chemicals. The development of genetically transformed plant tissue cultures and mainly of roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (hairy roots), is a key step in the use of in vitro cultures for the production of secondary metabolites. Hairy roots are able to grow fast without phytohormones, and to produce the metabolites of inserted genes. The conditions of transformation (nature and age of the explants, bacterial strain, bacterial density, and the protocol of infection) deeply influence the frequency of the transformation events as well as the growth and productivity of the hairy roots. Then optimization of the culture parameters (medium constituents, elicitation by biotic or abiotic stress) may enhance the capability of the hairy roots to grow fast and to produce valuable compounds. The focus of the present paper is the review of Hairy roots production of Plant Transformation and tissue culture technology for the production of some important plant pharmaceuticals. Also will explain the recent results in our research of Transgenic Plant with good hairy roots formation and high Catechin in Theobroma cacao and in Eucaria Gambir. So far, There is no report concerning gene transfer by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Hairy roots induction in both plants. Keywords: Molecular Farming, Plant Transformation, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Review Hairy Roots, Secondary Metabolite Catechin, T.cacao, Eucaria gambir.

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